Shiva Sutra

The 77 Shiva Sutras

The Shiva Sutras of Kashmir Shaivism — 77 aphorisms across Shambhavopaya, Shaktopaya, and Anavopaya.


Sutra 1.1

Consciousness is the Self

Consciousness alone is the true Self (Atman).

Sutra 1.2

Limited Knowledge as Bondage

Objectified, dualistic knowing constitutes the fetter of the limited being.

Sutra 1.3

The Body of Limitation

The mass of causes rooted in Maya, culminating in the kalas, constitutes the embodied, limited self.

Sutra 1.4

Matrika as the Ground of Ordinary Knowledge

The power of the alphabet, the mother of words, is the substratum on which all limited, word-bound knowledge rests.

Sutra 1.5

The Upsurge of Bhairava

The sudden, spontaneous upsurge of the Supreme I-consciousness is itself Bhairava.

Sutra 1.6

Dissolution Through the Wheel of Energies

When the yogi unites his awareness with the wheel of his own energies, the entire universe of appearance is reabsorbed into the Self.

Sutra 1.7

The Bliss of the Fourth State

The delight of the transcendental Fourth state can suffuse and pervade the three ordinary states without being broken by their difference.

Sutra 1.8

Waking as Ordinary Knowledge

The waking state consists of knowledge derived from the external senses, common to all experiencers.

Sutra 1.9

Dream as Mental Construction

The dream state is composed purely of the mind's own thought-constructs (vikalpas), unconfirmed by the external senses.

Sutra 1.10

Deep Sleep as Veiled Non-Discrimination

Deep sleep is a condition of undifferentiated unawareness, a veiling produced by Maya's power of concealment.

Sutra 1.11

The Lord of the Heroic Senses

One who tastes the same unbroken I-consciousness through waking, dream, and sleep becomes vireśa, master of the senses.

Sutra 1.12

Wonder as the Mark of Yogic Ascent

Each stage of the yogi's inner unfolding is marked by fresh astonishment at the ever-new splendor of the Self.

Sutra 1.13

Uma, the Power of Will

Icchā-shakti, Shiva's Will, is personified as Uma the maiden — pure, spontaneous, uncontaminated potential.

Sutra 1.14

The Cosmos as Divine Body

For the realized yogi, everything perceivable — from body to cosmos — is recognized as the very body of consciousness.

Sutra 1.15

Beholding the World as Dream from the Heart

When the mind is completely absorbed into the heart-center of consciousness, the objective world is seen as insubstantial as a dream.

Sutra 1.16

Freedom Through Union with the Pure Principle

Alternatively, by uniting the mind with the pure Shiva-tattva, the yogi is freed from the condition of the bound, animal-like (paśu) individual.

Sutra 1.17

Right Reasoning as Self-Knowledge

Sustained, correct discernment culminating in unwavering conviction of one's identity with Shiva constitutes true Self-knowledge.

Sutra 1.18

Ordinary Delight as Samadhi's Bliss

For the realized yogi, even mundane worldly experience is suffused with, and recognized as, the bliss of absorption.

Sutra 1.19

Producing a Body Through Union with Shakti

By uniting with the divine Will-power, the yogi gains the capacity to project or produce bodies at will.

Sutra 1.20

Mastery Over the Elements and the Universe

The accomplished yogi gains mastery to unite, separate, and reconfigure the elements and events of the universe.

Sutra 1.21

Sovereignty Through the Dawning of Pure Knowledge

When Shuddhavidya arises, the yogi becomes cakreśvara, sovereign lord over the wheel of his own powers.

Sutra 1.22

The Potency of Mantra Through Absorption in the Great Lake

By continuous immersion in the vast lake of Para-shakti, the yogi tastes the living power (virya) at the heart of every mantra.

Sutra 2.1

The Mind as Mantra

When the mind broods unceasingly on the Supreme I-consciousness, the mind itself becomes mantra.

Sutra 2.2

Effort as the Accomplisher

Zealous, sustained effort (prayatna) toward union with the deity of the mantra is what brings realization.

Sutra 2.3

The Secret of Mantra

The being of the body of knowledge (i.e. the multitude of words) is the secret of mantra — the luminous being underlying the mass of words, Supreme I-consciousness, is the hidden secret of every mantra.

Sutra 2.4

The Embryonic Dream of Knowledge

Unfoldment of mind still in embryo is a dream of undifferentiated knowledge — before full maturation, the expansion of awareness resembles a dream-like, unspecialized state of common knowledge.

Sutra 2.5

Khecari — The State of Shiva

On the spontaneous arising of true knowledge, khecari (moving in the Void) is the state of Shiva — when true knowledge dawns of its own accord, the yogi attains khecari mudra, the state of moving freely in the space of consciousness, Shiva's own state.

Sutra 2.6

The Guru as the Means

The Guru is the means — the Guru, whether embodied or as inner grace, is the means by which the potency of mantra and mudra is bestowed.

Sutra 2.7

Awakening to the Wheel of Matrika

Awakening to the wheel of Mātṛkā — full realization dawns when one recognizes that the wheel of letter-energies (matrika) itself springs from, and dissolves into, one's own I-consciousness.

Sutra 2.8

The Body as Oblation

The body is the oblation — all bodies, gross and subtle, once mistaken for the self, are now offered as oblation into the fire of true I-consciousness.

Sutra 2.9

Knowledge as Food

Knowledge is food — Self-knowledge becomes the yogi's sustaining food, satisfying him utterly and consuming all lesser, limited knowing.

Sutra 2.10

The Dissolution of Ordinary Knowledge

On the dissolution of ordinary knowledge, its residue is seen only as in a dream — when common, dualistic knowledge dissolves upon Self-realization, its former apprehensions linger only as insubstantial dream-memories.

Sutra 3.-31

The Self as Mind

In the ordinary, unrealized individual, the citta (conditioned mind of buddhi, ahamkara, manas) itself functions as the sense of self.

Sutra 3.-30

Knowledge as Bondage

The knowledge confined to the modes of the psychic apparatus and bound up with sensory desire keeps the individual wandering in transmigration.

Sutra 3.-29

Non-Discrimination as Maya

Maya is the failure to distinguish the true Self from the pseudo-self constituted by the limiting sheaths (kanchukas) such as kala, vidya, and raga.

Sutra 3.-28

Dissolution of the Kalas in the Body

The seeker meditates on the successive dissolution of the gross body into the subtle, and the subtle into the causal, up to Shiva.

Sutra 3.-27

Fivefold Dissolution

Through pranayama and dharana one gains the power to merge prana-apana in sushumna, master the elements, and withdraw the mind from them.

Sutra 3.-26

Siddhi Through the Veil of Delusion

These supernormal powers, however impressive, are born of and reinforce moha, veiling the aspirant from the Highest Reality.

Sutra 3.-25

Mastery of Innate Knowledge

When delusion is fully conquered, spontaneous Sahaja Vidya arises, granting complete identification with Shiva.

Sutra 3.-24

Waking as the Second Actor

For the one established in unmana, even the waking state appears merely as a secondary ray of his own inner light.

Sutra 3.-23

The Self as Dancer

The essential Self plays upon the stage of the world exactly as an actor plays many roles, remaining ever untouched by them.

Sutra 3.-22

The Inner Self as Stage

The subtle body (antaratma) is the stage upon which the drama of worldly experience is performed for the Self.

Sutra 3.-21

The Senses as Spectators

Turned inward, the yogi's senses become spectators beholding the drama that the inmost Self delights in exhibiting.

Sutra 3.-20

Establishment of Being Through Intellect

Just as an actor needs talent to portray an inner state, the yogi manifests the sattva of pure awareness only through refined spiritual intelligence.

Sutra 3.-19

The Freedom of the Adept

Such a perfected yogi gains total freedom (svatantrya) to know, create, and govern within his own experience.

Sutra 3.-18

As There, So Elsewhere

The freedom the yogi manifests within his own body he can equally manifest in any other place or object.

Sutra 3.-17

Attention to the Seed

The yogi should constantly direct attention to Para-shakti, the seed-source of the entire universe.

Sutra 3.-16

Immersion in the Lake of Bliss

Firmly established in this attentiveness, the yogi easily and joyfully immerses in the lake of the Highest Bliss without further strenuous practice.

Sutra 3.-15

Creation Through One's Own Measure

Established in Shuddhavidya, the yogi creates forms precisely according to the measure of his own realized creative power.

Sutra 3.-14

Loss of Birth Through Loss of Ignorance

So long as Shuddhavidya remains unbroken and ever-present, there is no further compulsion toward rebirth for the yogi.

Sutra 3.-13

The Mother Energies in the Letters

The presiding deities of the letter-groups can delude even an advanced yogi if he is not vigilant, binding him again like an ordinary being.

Sutra 3.-12

The Fourth to Be Sprinkled Like Oil

The bliss of turiya should be made to permeate waking, dream, and deep sleep completely and continuously, as oil suffuses whatever it is poured into.

Sutra 3.-11

Absorption and Entry Through One's Own Mind

Rejecting identification with body and thought, the yogi should plunge, without any mental construct, directly into the transcendental state.

Sutra 3.-10

Equal Vision in the Movement of Prana

As the yogi's life-breath, united with turiya, moves outward toward objects, he perceives everything as identical with the bliss of Shiva-consciousness.

Sutra 3.-9

Inferior Production in the Middle

Between the initial and final moments of experiencing turiya, lesser states of mind can intrude, so the yogi must remain vigilant throughout.

Sutra 3.-8

Reawakening Through Union of the Measures

When the yogi joins his true I-awareness to all objects of perception, the obscured transcendental consciousness is again revived.

Sutra 3.-7

Becoming Equal to Shiva

Through continuous practice of turiya culminating in turyatita, the yogi becomes identical in nature with Shiva.

Sutra 3.-6

Bodily Function as Vow

Remaining embodied only until prarabdha karma is exhausted, without further striving, is the sole vrata such a yogi keeps.

Sutra 3.-5

Discourse as Recitation

Since his awareness of I-ness is itself the pure spiritual I, every word the yogi speaks becomes a japa of the Divine.

Sutra 3.-4

Charity as Self-Knowledge

Such a yogi's true act of giving (dana) is the disseminating of Self-knowledge to all around him.

Sutra 3.-3

The Knower and the Cause of Knowledge

Only the yogi established as master of the wheel of energies governing limited beings is competent to awaken true knowledge in others.

Sutra 3.-2

The Universe as Expansion of One's Own Power

Because this yogi is identical with Shiva, the universe he perceives is simply the unfoldment of his own consciousness-power, as it is of Shiva's Shakti.

Sutra 3.-1

Stability and Dissolution

The sustaining and reabsorbing of the universe are equally an unfoldment of the realized yogi's consciousness-power.

Sutra 3.0

Non-Rejection Even in Activity

Even as change and activity proceed in the objective field, the subject of experience never suffers interruption, for change itself requires an experient.

Sutra 3.1

External Reflection on Pleasure and Pain

Such a yogi views pleasure and pain as external objects, like a blue jar, rather than as modifications of his own I-consciousness.

Sutra 3.2

The Isolated One is Freed

One untouched by any trace of pleasure or pain is known as kevali, the knower who abides as pure consciousness alone.

Sutra 3.3

The Bound Self as Doer of Karma

When under the sway of primal ignorance and unaware of the real Self, the individual becomes an agent of karma, bound to samsara.

Sutra 3.4

Creation of a New World Through Concealment of Difference

When the yogi discards all sense of difference rooted in identification with body and prana, he gains the power to create another order of existence at will.

Sutra 3.5

The Power of the Organs from Self-Experience

The yogi's power of creativity is confirmed simply by his own experience of imaginative creation, as occurs even in ordinary dreaming.

Sutra 3.6

Vitalization by the Three States and Beyond

In waking, dream, and deep sleep alike, one should vivify oneself from the very start with the creative bliss of the transcendental Fourth.

Sutra 3.7

Like the State of Mind, So the External Organs and Body

Just as inner mental states are to be vitalized by the bliss of turiya, so too should the body, the senses, and all external objects be permeated by that same bliss.

Sutra 3.8

Outward Movement of the Bound Self Through Speech

The ordinary individual identified with the subtle and gross body, driven by desire (abhilasha) born of anavamala, is carried outward from birth to birth.

Sutra 3.9

Dissolution of the Individual Through Exhaustion of That Knowledge

For the yogi firmly established in turiya, all egoistic desire disappears, and thereby his condition as a limited empirical individual comes to an end.

Sutra 3.10

The Supreme Beyond, Freed of the Veils, Equal to the Lord

Even while retaining the gross body as a mere outer covering, he is fully liberated and identified with Shiva, the Supreme Lord.

Sutra 3.11

The Natural Connection with Prana

Even after Self-realization, the yogi retains the body because the natural bond of prana — arising from Svatantrya-shakti — persists as long as it lasts.

Sutra 3.12

Concentration in the Central Nostril: What of the Left and Right Channels

By constant mindfulness on the innermost, central awareness pervading the flow of breath, the distinctions of ida, pingala, and sushumna become superfluous.

Sutra 3.13

Closing Again of the Eyes

The soul that had forgotten its essential nature must ever again recognize and re-merge in Shiva, letting all sense of difference dissolve into the one I-consciousness.

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